Defined by mountains, deserts, fertile orchards and a diverse cultural population, Syria is one of the most ancient civilisations on earth. The country is bursting with ancient and modern history to discover, and was once one of the most-visited countries in the region. In the aftermath of a long, destructive civil war, Syria is slowly opening back up to visitors and emerging into a more peaceful era. Our tours there prioritise safety and aim to help bring some business back to Damascus, Aleppo and the coastal cities that have been deprived of tourism in recent years.
In the southwestern corner of Syria, Damascus is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities. It’s sometimes called the ‘pearl of the East’ due to the ancient beauty of its architecture, and the lush nut orchards and olive groves that surround it. The heart of Damascus’s walled Old City dates back to the Roman and late Byzantine period, with the Umayyad Mosque – one of the largest and oldest in the world – being a must-visit attraction. Explore the labyrinth of souqs filled with spices, textiles and gold set the scene for people-watching, before taking a walk down Straight Street – an old Roman road that runs from east to west through the Old City.
Built by the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in the 12th century, this is one of the best-preserved medieval castles in the world. Krak des Chevaliers was one of the most important military bases during the Crusades of the 11th to 13th centuries, and its architectural features describe the history of the castle’s construction – from its Byzantine beginnings to Frankish renovations in the late 12th century, and added Ayyubid dynasty fortifications in the mid-13th century. On visiting the fort today, you’ll spend lots of time exploring and taking in the commanding views from the top.
Aleppo was once Syria’s largest city, and the country’s key trading centre. Like Damascus, it’s one of the world’s oldest continually inhabited cities, having been mentioned in texts dating from the 20th century BCE. The old city and ancient souq were damaged during the battle for Aleppo in 2012, but the covered bazaar has since been restored. Visiting Aleppo, you’ll spend a full day exploring the remains of the Citadel, the bazaar and the large, medieval palace that offers panoramic views of the metropolis – stopping at a typical Syrian café along the way
The city of Latakia is set on a low-lying peninsula that juts out into the Mediterranean Sea. In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, this was one of the most important trade hubs in northern Syria. Still today, it’s the country’s principal port, linked by road to Aleppo, Tripoli and Beirut. Untamed Borders tours to Syria explore the surrounding coastal region, from the colonnaded temples of the Amrit archaeological site to Arwad Island, if the weather is good – before finishing in Latakia.
Hama, on the banks of the Orontes River, is the fourth-largest city in Syria and famous for its 17 ‘Norias’: large, wooden water wheels that irrigate the famous city gardens. Visitors can walk through the old City alongside the Orontes River, listening to the creaks and groans of the water wheels while continuing to wander through the cobbled streets past the ancient Azem Palace and hidden Hammams.
Palmyra is an ancient desert city, once one of the most important cultural and trade hubs of the ancient world. Famous for its grand Roman ruins — including monumental colonnades, temples and tombs — it sat on caravan routes linking the Mediterranean with Persia and the Silk Road, making it a wealthy and cosmopolitan centre before its decline in late antiquity.
Most travellers visiting Syria require a visa. There is currently no Syrian e-visa and embassies currently don’t issue visas either.
For citizens of most nationalities, you have to request an authorisation in advance of travelling. Once this has been approved, you can then obtain the copy of your Syrian visa on arrival at the border.
To complete the authorisation process, you must send a copy of your passport and personal details to your tour operator, such as Untamed Borders. The operator will then complete the necessary paperwork with the government, so it’s ready for you on arrival in the country.
Timeframes can differ between nationalities, so it is advised to complete the necessary paperwork, well in advance of travel.
The Syrian visa process can change regularly, so for the latest information and updates, please email - info@untamedborders.com - and our specialist team will be able to assist.
Syria is a diverse country, with areas of harsh desert, regions containing lush green hills, a temperate coastline and busy cities. When to visit Syria often depends where you’re wanting to explore.
Spring (March – May)
Spring is widely considered one of the best times to travel to visit tourist attractions in Syria.
Temperatures are comfortable across much of the country, including in key tourist areas, such as Damascus, Aleppo, Hama, Homs and the Crusader Fort of Krak des Chevaliers.
Winter rain also feeds Syria’s western hills, leading to the blooming of wild flowers in Spring and bringing greenery to the western landscapes.
We time some of our Syria group trips to coincide with these pleasant Spring conditions, which are often perfect for wandering the historic bazaars in places such as Damascus and Aleppo.
You can also make the most of the landscapes and ancient sites in the Syrian hills, while not suffering too much from the heat in the desert, when visiting the UNESCO listed ancient sites in Palmyra. Overall Spring is a great time to visit Syria.
Summer (June – September)
Summer can be extremely hot throughout much of Syria, particularly away from the Mediterranean coastline.
Temperatures regularly exceed 35°C in cities such as Damascus, Hama and Aleppo, while desert regions around Palmyra and eastern Syria can experience significantly higher temperatures - making it very uncomfortable indeed.
For travellers interested in Syrian archaeology, culture and city sightseeing, the height of summer is generally the least comfortable time to visit. Walking through ancient sites, markets and historic neighbourhoods can become challenging during the hottest parts of the day.
The Mediterranean coast, including Latakia and Tartus, remains somewhat cooler than the interior, although humidity levels can be noticeably higher.
We generally recommend travelling to Syria during another season where possible.
Autumn (October – November)
Autumn is another excellent season for travelling in Syria and another time of year we put on our group trips.
The heat of the Syrian summer dissipates and temperatures become far more comfortable across the country. It’s another great time of year to explore historic cities, such as Damascus and Aleppo, along with towns such as Homs, Hama and the monastery town of Maaloula.
The desert region in the east can still remain hot, but is significantly cooler than the summer. It’s also a good time to explore the western mountains and the Syrian coastline.
Winter (December – February)
Winter can be an excellent time to visit tourist spots in Syria, particularly for travellers interested in cultural and historical sightseeing.
Daytime temperatures are generally mild in Damascus and southern Syria, while the intense heat found during other seasons has disappeared. This makes exploring ancient cities, archaeological sites and traditional markets much easier.
Rain is possible during the winter months, especially along the Mediterranean coast and in western Syria. Higher elevations, including the Anti-Lebanon Mountains and other mountain ranges, can experience snowfall and significantly colder temperatures.
In the desert regions, winter days are usually pleasant and comfortable, making this one of the best times to visit Palmyra and eastern Syria. However, temperatures can fall sharply after sunset, and warm clothing is essential for evenings and overnight stays.
Getting to Syria has become easier over recent years, particularly since the civil war ended and after the fall of the Bashar al-Assad regime. Between 2011 and 2025, no major international airline flew to Syria.
Historically, our guests would travel to Syria from Lebanon, flying initially to Beirut, then heading on a short road-trip across the border to Syria.
However, in 2025 direct flights to Syria resumed. Many visitors to Syria now fly into Damascus International Airport, with regular connections to major hubs such as Istanbul, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Doha, Amman and several other destinations. There are also now limited flights operating to Aleppo.
For overland travellers, Syria offers several interesting border crossings with neighbouring countries.
Syria - Lebanon
The border with Lebanon has been the most commonly used route historically and is often the simplest option for travellers entering Syria overland, only taking a few hours by car. However, this can be subject to change, depending on the security situation in Lebanon at the time.
Syria - Jordan
Syria also shares a border with Jordan, with the Jaber–Nassib crossing serving as the main route between Amman and Damascus. This is another popular entry point for visitors travelling overland.
Syria - Turkey
The border with Turkey has historically been an important crossing point, although access and regulations have changed significantly in recent years and travellers should check the latest conditions before making plans. This is something Untamed Borders can assist with.
Syria - Iraq
The border between Syria and Iraq is one we advise avoiding and not an area we guide in. Firstly, it is largely a harsh desert, but also has security issues. The border with Israel is closed to normal tourist traffic and is not a viable route for entering Syria.
If you would like more information about flights, border crossings and travelling to Syria, please contact our team at info@untamedborders.com.
Following more than a decade of conflict, it’s natural that many people will ask whether it is safe to travel to Syria. Security in Syria has improved considerably since the fall of the Bashar al-Assad regime, but varies significantly depending what part of the country you’re in.
Areas such as Damascus, much of western Syria, and areas around several of the country's major historical attractions are now largely stable and many visitors are surprised by the normality of daily life. There is already considerable regeneration work going on to restore and repair areas damaged during the conflict - including ancient sites in Aleppo.
However, other regions do have challenges and there are areas of Syria where it is advised tourists avoid, such as the border with Iraq.
There are also pockets of anti-government groups and there have been tensions over recent years in the southern Druze region, areas around the predominantly Alawite coastal region around Latakia and in the northern Kurdish region.
It’s important to note that there is unexploded ordnance found in parts of Syria and knowing where is safe and not safe to explore, is key. Travelling with an experienced tour operator, such as Untamed Borders, allows you to remain informed and understand the latest security updates in a fast moving country.
For the latest safety information in Syria, please email - info@untamedborders.com.
Syria is a culturally conservative country, but is made up of many different ethnic groups. Attitudes on what to wear in Syria can differ between regions, however, dressing modestly is advised throughout the country.
For both men and women, lightweight, loose-fitting clothing is recommended, particularly during the warmer months. Long trousers, long skirts and shirts that cover the shoulders are appropriate in most situations and provide protection from both the sun and dust.
Women are not generally required to wear a headscarf in public, particularly in cities such as Damascus and Aleppo. However, carrying a scarf is advisable when visiting mosques, religious sites or more conservative areas. Clothing that is revealing, tight-fitting or short is not acceptable. Men should avoid wearing shorts in public places.
During the winter months, temperatures can become surprisingly cold, particularly in the mountains and desert regions. A warm jacket, layers and suitable footwear are recommended for travel between December and February.
When visiting religious sites, women are often required to cover their hair in certain mosques, while clothing that covers the arms and legs is generally expected for all visitors.
Cash is by far the best and most reliable way to pay for goods and services in Syria.
Due to international sanctions and intermittent banking restrictions, foreign bank cards generally haven’t worked in Syria for quite a while.
There are signs, since the fall of the Bashar al-Assad regime, that this situation is beginning to ease, however, international ATMs are still extremely limited. Travellers to Syria should not rely on being able to withdraw money after arrival.
Visitors to Syria are advised to bring sufficient cash for the duration of their trip and exchange money locally upon arrival. US Dollars and Euros are the most commonly accepted foreign currencies for exchange and the Untamed Borders team can help guests to exchange money in Syria.
The Syrian Pound (SYP) is the local currency and is used for most day-to-day transactions, including meals, transport, entrance fees and purchases in local markets. While some tourism-related businesses may quote prices in US Dollars, payments are often made in Syrian Pounds.
Syria is fascinating linguistically and its diverse spread of languages reflects its position at a cross-roads of cultures on the ancient Silk Road - linking the Mediterranean to Persia, Central Asia and the Arab Peninsula.
Arabic is the official language of Syria and is spoken by the vast majority of the population. The form of Arabic used in everyday life is known as Levantine Arabic, which differs somewhat from the Modern Standard Arabic used in formal settings, news broadcasts and official documents.
Kurdish is spoken by many Kurdish communities in northern and north-eastern Syria, particularly in areas close to the Turkish and Iraqi borders. Various dialects are used depending on the region.
Aramaic, one of the world's oldest continuously spoken languages, still survives in a handful of communities. The village of Maaloula, north-east of Damascus, is particularly famous for preserving a modern form of Western Aramaic, closely related to the language spoken throughout the region in Jesus’ time.
Syriac, a liturgical and community language, remains important within parts of Syria's Christian population. Armenian is also spoken within some Armenian communities, particularly in larger cities such as Aleppo.
English is increasingly understood among younger Syrians, tourism professionals and those working in business or education, although proficiency varies considerably. French is also spoken by some Syrians, reflecting the country's historical connections with France during the twentieth century.
Internet access in Syria is generally available in major cities and towns, but visitors should not expect the same level of speed, reliability or availability found in Europe or the Gulf states.
In cities such as Damascus, Aleppo, Homs and Latakia, mobile data and Wi-Fi are widely available and most hotels, cafés and guesthouses offer internet access.
Mobile coverage is relatively widespread across populated parts of the country, although outside major urban centres, internet quality can vary considerably. In rural areas, mountainous regions and remote desert locations, coverage may be extremely limited. Some archaeological and historical sites may have little or no mobile signal.
Travellers should also be aware that power outages can occur in some parts of Syria, which may affect internet availability. Connection interruptions and temporary service disruptions are not uncommon, particularly outside the main cities.
While internet infrastructure has improved in recent years, particularly in Syria tourist places, flexibility and realistic expectations remain important when travelling in the country.
Syrian cuisine is widely regarded as one of the finest and most diverse in the Middle East., drawing on Arab, Levantine, Ottoman and Mediterranean influences. Syrian food is known for its fresh ingredients, rich flavours and emphasis on sharing meals with family and friends.
Many dishes at restaurants in Syria are built around simple ingredients such as lamb, chicken, beef, chickpeas, lentils, vegetables, olive oil, herbs and spices. Meals are often accompanied by fresh flatbread, salads, pickles and a variety of small dishes known as mezze.
Popular Syrian mezze dishes include hummus, mutabbal, muhammara, tabbouleh, fattoush and stuffed vine leaves. These are typically shared amongst the table and form an important part of Syrian hospitality.
One of Syria's most famous dishes is kibbeh, a mixture of bulgur wheat and minced meat that can be fried, baked or served raw in various regional styles. Other favourites include shish taouk (marinated chicken skewers), kofta, shawarma and a wide range of grilled meats.
Damascus is particularly famous for its traditional cuisine, while Aleppo is often considered the culinary capital of Syria. Aleppine cuisine is renowned throughout the Middle East for its sophisticated use of spices, pomegranate, nuts and fruit in savoury dishes.
Syrians are also known for their exceptional sweets and desserts. Baklava, ma'amoul, halawet al-jibn and a variety of pistachio-based pastries are commonly enjoyed alongside Arabic coffee or tea.
Street food is an important part of daily life, with falafel, shawarma, manakish and freshly baked breads widely available throughout Syria. Vegetarians are generally well catered for, as many traditional dishes are based around vegetables, legumes, grains and dairy products.
For many people planning a holiday in Syria, the food is one of the highlights. Generous hospitality, family recipes and regional specialities combine to create a culinary tradition that is considered one of the great cuisines in the Middle East.
Syria contains a tapestry of different faiths and is a fascinating country for anthropology. Islam is the largest religion in Syria, with the majority being Sunni, although the country is also home to a number of other Muslim communities, including Alawites, Ismailis and Twelver Shia Muslims.
Religion has played an important role in shaping Syria's history, culture and identity for centuries. One of Syria's most distinctive features is its religious diversity. Unlike many countries in the region, Syria has long been home to a wide range of religious communities living alongside one another.
Christianity has a particularly deep history in Syria, with some of the world's oldest Christian communities found in cities and villages across the country. Several denominations are represented, including Greek Orthodox, Syriac Orthodox, Melkite Greek Catholic, Armenian Apostolic and Maronite Christians. Historic churches and monasteries can be found throughout the country, particularly around Damascus, Homs, Aleppo and the mountains of western Syria.
Small Druze communities are concentrated in southern Syria, particularly in the Jabal al-Druze region around Suwayda. There are also small numbers of Yazidis in the north-east and a sizable Kurdish community near the border with Turkey and Iraq. .
Syria is also home to some of the most important religious sites in the Middle East. These include the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the oldest and most significant mosques in the Islamic world, as well as numerous churches, monasteries and pilgrimage sites associated with both Christianity and Islam.
For travellers, the country offers a fascinating opportunity to experience the rich religious heritage of the Levant and the wonderful range of traditions and customs in Syria. Whether visiting ancient mosques, historic churches or traditional religious communities, visitors quickly discover how deeply faith and history are woven into the fabric of Syrian society.
A History of Syria – Philip K. Hitti
A classic historical overview of Syria and its place within the wider Arab and Islamic world. This is a useful starting point for understanding the country’s long history, from antiquity through to the modern period.
Syria: A Modern History – David Lesch
A clear introduction to modern Syria, with particular focus on the Assad era, the political system and the events that led up to the civil war. A useful read for anyone wanting to understand Syria’s recent history and contemporary politics.
Palmyra and Its Empire – Warwick Ball
An accessible study of Palmyra, one of Syria’s greatest ancient cities. The book explores the city’s rise as a powerful trading hub between Rome, Persia and the wider eastern world.
Aleppo: The Rise and Fall of Syria's Great Merchant City – Philip Mansel
A rich history of Aleppo, once one of the great commercial and cultural centres of the Middle East. Mansel traces the city’s cosmopolitan past, its trading networks and the devastating impact of recent conflict.
No Turning Back: Life, Loss, and Hope in Wartime Syria - Rania Abouzeid
A powerful account of the Syrian conflict told through the lives of ordinary Syrians. Drawing on years of reporting, Abouzeid gives a human insight into the revolution, war, displacement and survival.
The Road to Oxiana – Robert Byron
A classic travel book following Byron’s journey through the Middle East and Central Asia in the 1930s. Although not solely about Syria, it captures the atmosphere of the wider region and remains one of the great works of travel writing.
The Levant: Travels in the Eastern Mediterranean – Philip Mansel
A wide-ranging account of the Levant’s great port cities and cultural crossroads. The book places Syria within the broader eastern Mediterranean world, exploring the region’s layered history, trade and cosmopolitan identity.
For Sama
An intimate and deeply moving documentary filmed during the siege of Aleppo. Told through the eyes of filmmaker Waad Al-Kateab, it offers a personal account of family life, resistance and survival during the Syrian war.
Lost Worlds – Palmyra Episode
A documentary exploring the ancient desert city of Palmyra and its remarkable ruins. It is a useful visual introduction to one of Syria’s most important archaeological sites and its role as a bridge between empires.
Around the World in 80 Treasures – Syria Episode
Part of Dan Cruickshank’s journey through the world’s great cultural treasures. The Syria episode introduces some of the country’s most significant historic sites and helps place them in a wider global context.
Last Men in Aleppo
An Oscar-nominated documentary following members of the White Helmets rescue organisation in Aleppo. It is a harrowing but important film about the daily reality of life and rescue work under bombardment.
The Light in Her Eyes
A documentary set in Damascus, focusing on a Qur’an school for women and girls. Filmed before the full outbreak of the war, it offers a valuable look at faith, education, gender and social change in Syria.
